Effects of Combined Intravenous and Topical Magnesium Sulfate Administration on Pain, Stress, and Functional Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospecti
Evidence suggests that both intravenous and intraoperative topical application of magnesium sulfate can improve pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the optimal method of magnesium sulfate administration remains unclear, and no studies have evaluated the
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