Conduction system pacing vs. biventricular pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis considering rand

Biventricular pacing (BiVP) is the gold standard for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), yet up to 30% of patients fail to respond. Conduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as an alternative with potential for physiol

Medical Literature · Updated 2026-08-17

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