Endocrinology
Endocrine Disorders - by Didactic Med
🏥 Endocrine Disorders
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Endocrinology
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Neuroendocrine System Integration | Didactic Med
Neuroendocrine System Integration
Open toolEndocrinology
Potassium: The Critical Ion | Deep Pathophysiology | Didactic Med
Potassium: The Critical Ion
Open toolEndocrinology
Sodium Disorders: The Osmolarity Master Class
Sodium Disorders: The Osmolarity Master Class
Open toolEndocrinology
Hyponatremia correction is associated with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels: A pilot secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo
Chronic hyponatremia is associated with cognitive deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. A cerebral growth factor which is crucial for cognition and memory is brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but its role in hyponatremia has never been investigated. We h
Open articleEndocrinology
Effects of exercise on reproductive endocrine hormones in adult patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. | Cl
This study aims to systematically evaluate the impact of exercise interventions on reproductive endocrine profiles in adult patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using a three-level meta-analytical approach. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, The
Open articleEndocrinology
Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Types of Orthoses in Preventing Diabetic Foot Ulcer Recurrence: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. | Cl
Therapeutic orthoses, such as medical shoes and custom insoles, are used to prevent diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) recurrence. This systematic review with narrative synthesis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of orthoses in preventing DFU recurrence compared to standard care. We fol
Open articleEndocrinology
Predicting hormonal deterioration following transsphenoidal surgery for non-functioning pituitary adenomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | ClinicLens
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is indicated when non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) cause visual compromise, but its timing is less certain in patients with preserved vision and intact pituitary function, where the risk of new post-operative pituitary dysfunction infl
Open articleEndocrinology
Prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | ClinicLens
Although South Asia exhibits a considerable burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the numbers of undiagnosed T2DM remains inadequately characterized at the regional level. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to approximate the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM
Open articleEndocrinology
Efficacy of Gegen Qinlian decoction plus metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | Clinic
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) is frequently used as an adjunctive therapy to metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the certainty and consistency of the supporting clinical evidence remain unclear. We searched CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and th
Open articleEndocrinology
[Correspondence] How definitions shape obesity-attributable death estimates – Authors' reply | ClinicLens
Ayoub Boulares and Nicola Luigi Bragazzi raise four important methodological considerations regarding the association between adult obesity and severe infection risk reported in our study.1 Given the potential public health implications of our findings, we welcome the opportunity
Open articleEndocrinology
The effect of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized controlled tria
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic biomarkers in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel
Open articleEndocrinology
tVNS and obesity-related inflammation: a prospective sham-controlled randomized crossover study protocol. | ClinicLens
Overweight and obesity are characterized by detrimental effects on energy metabolism and an increase in adipose tissue, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. This metaflammation may contribute to mental symptoms, such as reduced mood and motivation. Inflammatory processes ar
Open articleEndocrinology
Open-Label, Balanced, Randomized, Single-Dose, Three-Treatment, Three-Sequence, Three-Period, Three-Way Crossover Oral Bioequivalence Study of Desmopressin Acet
Desmopressin is first-line therapy for central diabetes insipidus, also known as arginine vasopressin deficiency, but presents dosing challenges due to its narrow therapeutic index. This open-label, randomized, three-way crossover study evaluated the bioequivalence of a new desmo
Open articleEndocrinology
Prevalence of thyroid disorders in inland and coastal populations: A systematic review. | ClinicLens
Endocrine conditions such as thyroid disorders can significantly impact maternal and child health. Key determinants such as environmental setting and presence of iodine can influence the incidence of thyroid disorders. Individuals living in coastal regions are exposed to iodine r
Open articleEndocrinology
Integrative functional bioinformatic analysis of NAD+-associated protein coding genes in adipose tissue (dys)function - evidence from targeted rodent transcript
One of the key regulatory mechanisms in adipose biology is the NAD+/SIRT axis, which is disrupted in conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the role of NAD+ in adipose biology, including thro
Open articleEndocrinology
Limited Comparative Evidence Between Metabolic Bariatric Surgery and Incretin-Based Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and
Comparison of percentage total body weight loss (%TWL) between metabolic bariatric surgery and incretin-based pharmacotherapy in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Forest plot showing pooled mean difference in percentage total body weight loss (%TWL) between treatment groups.
Open articleEndocrinology
Promoting Problem-Solving Among Low-Income Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mobile Health Intervention With SMS Text Messag
Problem-solving is essential for the self-management of type 2 diabetes but remains challenging for underserved individuals. Although mobile health (mHealth) interventions can improve diabetes self-management, few focus on problem-solving. This study evaluates the efficacy of Mob
Open articleEndocrinology
Pre-exercise meal macronutrient composition and acute inflammatory response in males with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | ClinicLens
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronically increased inflammation related to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Meal macronutrient consumption and physical activity generate acute effects on circulating inflammatory markers in the general populati
Open articleEndocrinology
Comparative analysis of IDegLira versus insulin glargine in short-term intensive therapy for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | Clini
To compare the efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin glargine, both combined with insulin aspart, for short-term intensive glycemic control in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this randomized study, severely hyperg
Open articleEndocrinology
The CRUMB study: closed-loop response to unannounced mixed and carbohydrates-rich breakfasts. A randomized controlled crossover pilot-study in a cohort of adole
Unannounced meals pose a major challenge to type 1 diabetes patients. This study compared the performance of two automated insulin delivery (AID) algorithms, the Medtronic MiniMed 780G's proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and the Tandem t: slim X2's model predictive
Open articleEndocrinology
Dulaglutide versus empagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin and sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes: a randomized pilot study with exploratory metabolomic and m
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and sulfonylurea, evidence directly comparing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as add-on therapy is limited; therefore, we compared dulag
Open articleEndocrinology
Effects of exercise and exercise timing on energy intake and appetite control: a randomised crossover trial in people with overweight or obesity with and withou
This randomised crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05768958) examined how high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) vs. rest and time of day affect ad libitum energy intake, subjective appetite, and metabolic markers, and whether responses differ by type 2 diabetes (T2D) statu
Open articleEndocrinology
Long-Term Mobile-Based Glycemic Intervention for Secondary Prevention in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Surgical Revascularization: Multicenter Randomized Co
Despite the growing amount of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in low- and middle-income countries like China, their glucose control was suboptimal, likely due to poor adherence to healthy lifestyles and preventive medications. Mobile health tools fac
Open articleEndocrinology
Effects of a Mobile Application for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Initiating Insulin Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial. | ClinicLens
The aim of this study was to develop a mobile application for patients with Type 2 diabetes initiating insulin therapy for the first time and to evaluate its effects on insulin knowledge, insulin injection skills, self-management of insulin therapy and attitudes towards insulin u
Open articleEndocrinology
Knowledge-Attitude-Practice-Based Outdoor Exercise Education for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. | ClinicLens
Regular exercise is known to improve glycemic control and health outcomes in Type 2 diabetes, but many patients struggle to achieve recommended activity levels. Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP)-based education may help bridge this gap by improving exercise adherence and related
Open articleEndocrinology
[The Effect of Konjac Glucomannan on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels in Obese Patients With Prediabetes]. | ClinicLens
To investigate the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on glycemic indicators and insulin resistance in obese individuals with prediabetes. A total of 102 obese individuals diagnosed with prediabetes at the outpatient department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between
Open articleEndocrinology
Empowering Patients Through Literacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Educational App for Evaluating Complementary Therapies in Diabetes Management. | Clini
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an Educational App for Complementary Therapy in Diabetes Management in improving health literacy, quality of life, and diabetes empowerment through complementary therapy. An assessor- and investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial w
Open articleEndocrinology
Perceived Exertion Is Associated with Cardiovascular Strain but Not Glycemic Response to Gym-Based Exercise in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploratory Rando
Adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) face elevated cardiovascular risk, and regular exercise is a key non-pharmacological mitigation strategy. However, safe prescription requires cardiovascular and glycemic monitoring, often unfeasible in real-world gyms. Low-cost psychoph
Open articleEndocrinology
Exploring the feasibility and acceptability of Continuous Glucose Monitoring among people with type 1 diabetes and healthcare providers in South Africa's p
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is an advancement in diabetes management, offering real-time insights into blood glucose levels and facilitating decision-making around diabetes care. However, its adoption in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains low. This study exp
Open articleEndocrinology
Early versus delayed oral sialagogues for the prevention of salivary gland dysfunction after radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic
Salivary gland dysfunction is a recognized complication of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Oral sialagogues are commonly recommended, but their optimal timing remains uncertain. This systematic review compares early ( 24 h) sialagogue initiatio
Open articleEndocrinology
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid hormones in hypothyroid females of child-bearing age: a systematic review. | ClinicLens
To assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid function and autoimmunity in hypothyroid females of child-bearing age. The systematic review was conducted from October 2024 to May 2025, and comprised search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and the Internat
Open articleEndocrinology
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases After COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Clinical Manifestation and Outcomes. | ClinicLens
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that COVID-19 can induce or exacerbate autoimmune disorders, including immune-mediated thyroid dysfunction. The most common autoimmune thyroid diseases are Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; the mechanisms by which vira
Open articleEndocrinology
The effect of iodinated contrast media on thyroid (dys)function in children. | ClinicLens
Excess iodine from iodinated contrast media (ICM) can lead to thyroid dysfunction. Children, especially neonates and premature infants, may be more vulnerable due to their immature thyroid physiology. A systematic review was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, Web
Open articleEndocrinology
A randomized controlled trial comparing non-selective versus selective TIRADS-based cytology in thyroid cancer diagnostics. | ClinicLens
Several ultrasound risk stratification systems have been developed mainly with the aim of identifying benign lesions and thereby avoiding unnecessary fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. This randomized controlled trial assessed whether the use of an ultrasound risk stratificat
Open articleEndocrinology
Ablative Technologies for Thyroid Nodules: A Health Technology Assessment. | ClinicLens
Thyroid nodules are common, but most are benign and do not require treatment. However, intervention is warranted in people who experience compressive symptoms or hyperthyroidism, or based on risk of malignancy. Ablative technologies may offer a minimally invasive option for those
Open articleEndocrinology
Randomized Clinical Trial of Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation Combined With Lauromacrogol Ablation of Thyroid Cystic-Solid Nodules. | ClinicLens
Thyroid cystic-solid nodules are common thyroid disorders. Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) is widely used to treat benign nodules; however, its efficacy remains limited for larger nodules when used alone. While lauromacrogol ablation (LIA) can effectively address cysti
Open articleEndocrinology
A Phase 2 Study of XP-8121: Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Levothyroxine Sodium for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Adults. | ClinicLens
The standard of care for hypothyroidism treatment worldwide is daily oral levothyroxine (LT4) sodium. Limitations associated with daily oral administration highlight the need for alternative formulations to address challenges in maintaining euthyroidism. XP-8121 (LT4 sodium for s
Open articleEndocrinology
DICER1 alterations in thyroid lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis with clinicopathologic implications. | ClinicLens
DICER1 is a key RNase III endoribonuclease involved in microRNA biogenesis and is implicated in both constitutional DICER1-related tumor predisposition and sporadic thyroid tumorigenesis. In thyroid pathology, DICER1 alterations have been reported across a broad spectrum of lesio
Open articleEndocrinology
Feasibility and preliminary biomarker responses to capsules containing green coffee extract enriched with magnesium di-malate in women with type 2 diabetes mell
To evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with capsules containing green coffee extract enriched with magnesium di-malate in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including overall adherence to capsule use and tolerability,
Open articleEndocrinology
First-in-Human Study of a Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (TE-8105) in Overweight or Obese Adults Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. | ClinicLens
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have revolutionized weight management and are becoming essential for the treatment of obesity-related medical conditions. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics, preliminary pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability o
Open articleEndocrinology
Evaluating the Impact and Practicality of a National Digital Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Single-Arm Nonrandomized Pilot Trial. | ClinicLens
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires sustained self-management and lifestyle modification to achieve optimal glycemic control. Hybrid care models that combine digital health technologies with in-person clinical support may enhance patient engagement while improving the access
Open articleEndocrinology
Reduced breakthrough symptom exacerbations in patients with biochemically controlled acromegaly switched from injected depot somatostatin receptor ligands to on
To evaluate the hypothesis that breakthrough acromegaly symptom exacerbation frequency would be reduced after switching biochemically controlled patients from depot somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) injections to once-daily oral paltusotine. Biochemical disease control (insulin-
Open articleEndocrinology
Autoimmune thyroiditis and comorbid autoimmune diseases: global research landscape and future directions. | ClinicLens
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) patients frequently present with coexisting autoimmune diseases (ADs), adding complexity to management and outcomes. Although this field has been extensively explored, there is a paucity of bibliometric analyses capable of clarifying worldwide researc
Open articleEndocrinology
Efficacy of methimazole combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Graves' disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. | Cl
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Combined with Methimazole (MMI) versus MMI Alone for Thyroid Function and Autoantibodies in Graves' Disease(GD). A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang d
Open articleEndocrinology
Reassessing Radioactive Iodine Use After Thyroidectomy in Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | ClinicLens
Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is often administered post-total thyroidectomy in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma, despite guidelines advising against its routine application. Evidence regarding the efficacy of RAI in reducing recurrence and improving sur
Open articleEndocrinology
Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation in patients affected by Graves' disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | ClinicLens
Ultrasound-guided thermal ablation (U-GTA) techniques, including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA), have recently been proposed as minimally invasive alternatives to surgery or radioiodine (RAI) therapy for patients with Graves' disease (GD) who are
Open articleEndocrinology
Thyroid disorders, thyroid autoimmunity, and anxiety-a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. | ClinicLens
Previous studies, largely based on case-control samples, have suggested that hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with an increased risk of anxiety. However, whether a true association exists remains unclear, as population-based studies, whi
Open articleEndocrinology
CMS’ GLP-1 Bridge Demonstration | ClinicLens
This Viewpoint discusses the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) extension of the Medicare Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Bridge and outlines unanswered questions related to how the bridge will affect Medicare.
Open articleEndocrinology
Living alone, long-term cardiometabolic stability, and medication management in adults with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the ACCORD trial. | ClinicL
Living alone is an easily ascertained household characteristic that may shape diabetes self-management. Its relation to long-term cardiometabolic stability and medication-management patterns remains unclear. We conducted a secondary analysis of the ACCORD trial. After excluding t
Open articleEndocrinology
Nigella sativa (Black Seed) Oil Alleviates the Serum Levels of IL-6 and Insulin in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. | ClinicLens
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects 5%-10% of women of reproductive age. Supplements with potential anti-inflammatory properties, such as Nigella sativa oil, have been proposed as adjunctive therapies that may improve select
Open articleEndocrinology
Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological distress, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A system
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) negatively impacts women's metabolic health, reproductive hormones, and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), such as yoga and mindfulness medita
Open articleEndocrinology
Efficacy and Safety of Tesamorelin in People Living With HIV (PLWH) With Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | ClinicLens
BackgroundHIV-associated lipodystrophy, a complication of combined antiretroviral therapy (CART), causes significant physical and psychological distress in people living with HIV (PLWH), compromising treatment adherence. Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) anal
Open articleEndocrinology
Effectiveness & safety of semaglutide in weight reduction in obese nondiabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | ClinicLens
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by excess adiposity and persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, contributing substantially to cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Semaglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist approved for ch
Open articleEndocrinology
Long-Acting Growth Hormone Versus Daily Growth Hormone for Growth Hormone Deficiency Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. | ClinicLens
Current guidelines recognize daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) as standard care and long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) as an alternative for paediatric growth hormone deficiency (CHD). In this network meta-analysis (NMA), we updated the evidence to evaluate comparative
Open articleEndocrinology
Latent profiles of self-management behaviours in patients with type 2 diabetes and their associations with metabolic outcomes in China: a multicentre cross-sect
Background Self-management behaviours are crucial for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but adherence is often poor. Most studies treat diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviours as a single construct, ignoring variations in behavioural patterns and their metabo
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